Listening Part 8: Summarize Spoken Text
PTE Listening Part 8- Sample 2: Summarize The Spoken Text
The term democracy is not as simple as it sounds. According to Oxford Languages, when a system of government is selected by all the eligible members of a state, usually through elected representatives, then that form of government is democratic. However, this is not just it as there are also many variants of democracies like constitutional monarchy, liberal democracy, republican government, consensus democracy, and many others which have been studied and explored by many over time. One such form is participatory politics which is also known as parpolity and is a form of democracy which has the philosophy that people ought to have the decision making power, but in proportion to how much they would be affected by the decision. In this, random citizens are chosen by a council court and the duties of those selected is to keep a check if the majority is being a tyrant. Apart from this, they also choose which body would be given the opportunity to vote on a certain issue. Nevertheless, delegates can be recalled any time and referendums taking place here are mostly considered to be a waste of time. Another form of the government is cosmopolitan, which is also known as world federalism. In this form, every individual who is affected by the decisions of the government can vote to elect a representative. Proponents believe that with the rise in global problems in the world nowadays, there is a need for more cosmopolitan governments or in other words that of international politics. A form of government basically used by the Russian Government is also referred to as the Guided Government in which although the elections are held normally, the electorate is guided in such a way that its own ability to truly determine the type of government exercising over them is decreased. Here there is basically a central authority that rules the people, as opposed to many types of regularities present in other forms of democracy.